With the ever increasing drive towards miniaturisation the traditional
wet screened resists couldn't provide the definition required. Photo
imageable inks are fast becoming the most widely used type of solder
mask.
This range of inks can be coated in a few different ways, curtain
coating, screening, and electrostatic spraying. Curtain coating is done
on a machine in which the boards are fed on a conveyor through a Niagara
Falls of the ink. Electrostatic spraying is like normal pain spraying,
but a high voltage charge exists between the spray gun and panel.
In all cases the solder resist pattern is then transferred by
aligning a photographic master and exposing using U.V. The panels then
require developing in a mild alkali solution followed by high
temperature baking. More expensive than the two pack epoxy inks but very
high definition. Photo-Imageable S/R masks can have zero clearance, and
are available in a large range of colours. Oddly enough these colours
include black, which to date has always worked without incident. Quite
how the UV successfully polymerizes through the black ink is a mystery, obviously
it's time to re write rules and laws of science.